The tenses in English

Simple Present
Affirmative: He speaks.
Negative: He does not speak.
Question: Does he speak?
We use it to express:
 action in the present taking placeonce, never or several times
 facts
 actions taking place one after another
 action set by a timetable or schedule
Signal words :always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually if sentences type I (If Italk, …)
Present Progressive ( continous )
Affirmaive: He is speaking.
Negative: He is not speaking.
Question: Is he speaking?
We use it to express:
 action taking place in the moment of speaking
 action taking place only for a limited period of time
 action arranged for the future
Signal words: at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now
Simple Past
Affirmative: He spoke.
Negative: He did not speak.
Question: Did he speak?
We use it to express:
 action in the past taking placeonce, never or several times
 actions taking place one after another
 action taking place in the middle of another action
Signal words: yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday , if sentence type II (If Italked, …)
Past Progressive
Affirmative: He was speaking.
Negative: He was not speaking.
Question: Was he speaking?
We use it to express:
 action going on at a certain time in the past
 actions taking place at the same time
 action in the past that is interrupted by another action
Signal words: when, while, as long as
Present Perfect Simple
Affirmative: He has spoken.
Negative: He has not spoken.
Question: Has he spoken?
We use it to express:
 putting emphasis on the result
 action that is still going on
 action that stopped recently
 finished action that has an influence on the present
 action that has taken place
Signal words: once, never or several times before the moment of speaking already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Present Perfect Progressive
Affirmative: He has been speaking.
Negative: He has not been speaking.
Question: Has he been speaking?
We use it to express:
 putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result)
 action that recently stopped or is still going on
 finished action that influenced the present
Signal words: all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week
Past Perfect Simple
Affirmative: He had spoken.
Negative: He had not spoken.
Question: Had he spoken?
We use it to express:
 action taking place before a certain time in the past
 sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive
 putting emphasis only on the fact(not the duration)
Signal words: already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day
if sentence type III (If Ihad talked, …)
Past Perfect Progressive ( continous )
Affirmative: He had been speaking.
Negative: He had not been speaking.
Question: Had he been speaking?
We use it to express:
 action taking place before a certain time in the past
 sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple
 putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action
Signal words: for, since, the whole day, all day
Future I Simple
Affirmative: He will speak.
Negative: He will not speak.
Question: Will he speak?
We use it to express:
 action in the future that cannot be influenced
 spontaneous decision
 assumption with regard to the future
Signal words: in a year, next …, tomorrow
If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, she will help you.)
assumption: I think, probably, perhaps
Future I Simple (going to)
Affirmative: He is going to speak.
Negative: He is not going to speak.
Question: Is he going to speak?
We use it to express:
 decision made for the future
 conclusion with regard to the future
Signal words: in one year, next week, tomorrow
Future I Progressive ( continous )
Affirmative: He will be speaking.
Negative: He will not be speaking.
Question: Will he be speaking?
We use it to express:
 action that is going on at a certain time in the future
 action that is sure to happen in the near future
Signal words: in one year, next week, tomorrow
Future II Simple
Affirmative: He will have spoken.
Negative: He will not have spoken.
Question: Will he have spoken?
We use it to express:
 action that will be finished at a certain time in the future
Signal words: by Monday, in a week
Future II Progressive
Affirmative: He will have been speaking.
Negative: He will not have been speaking.
Question: Will he have been speaking?
We use it to express:
 action taking place before a certain time in the future
 putting emphasis on the course of an action
Signal words: for …, the last couple of hours, all day long
Conditional I Simple
Affirmative: He would speak.
Negative: He would not speak.
Question: Would he speak?
We use it to express:
 action that might take place
Signal words: if sentences type II
(If I were you, I would go home.)
Conditional I Progressive ( continous )
Affirmative: He would be speaking.
Negative: He would not be speaking.
Question: Would he be speaking?
We use it to express:
 action that might take place
 putting emphasis on the course /duration of the action
Conditional II Simple
Affirmative: He would have spoken.
Negative: He would not have spoken.
Question: Would he have spoken?
We use it to express:
action that might have taken place in the past
Signal words: if sentences type III
(If I had seen that, Iwould have helped.)
Conditional II Progressive ( continous )
Affirmative: He would have been speaking.
Negative: He would not have been speaking.
Question: Would he have been speaking?
We use it to express:
 action that might have taken place in the past
 puts emphasis on the course /duration of the action
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